Cancer cell evolution through the ages

Massive Star Evolution Through the Ages

We review the current basic picture of the evolution of massive stars and how their evolution and structure changes as a function of initial mass. We give an overview of the fate of modern (Pop I) and primordial (Pop III) stars with emphasis on massive and very massive stars. For single stars we show how the type of explosions, the type of remnant and their frequencies changes for different ini...

Evolution of the paranasal sinuses' anatomy through the ages

Previously, anatomists considered paranasal sinuses as a mysterious region of the human skull. Historically, paranasal sinuses were first identified by ancient Egyptians and later, by Greek physicians. After a long period of no remarkable improvement in the understanding of anatomy during the Middle Ages, anatomists of the Renaissance period-Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius-made their own contrib...

Evolution of management of anorectal malformation through the ages

Introduction: Anorectal malformations comprise a wide spectrum of diseases, which can affect boys and girls, and involve the distal anus and rectum as well as the urinary and genital tracts. They occur in approximately 1 in 3500 to 5000 live births. Since the early era of its management, its treatment has gone through an enormous phase of evolution leading from gloomy outcome in the past to nea...

Mapping Leisure and Life through the Ages in Iran

The leisure is a new phenomenon has emerged of the industrial revolution and socio-economic developments of the current world. How the people of a society spend their leisure times could in a large extent show the cultural characteristics and lifestyle of the community. The most important aspects of the lifestyle which emerged of urban development and modernity, is the mode of spending the leis...

Cancer and the arts: metastasis—as perceived through the ages